International Samples

The following graphs show the country-specific mean values for each of the nine LLWI dimensions. These data are taken from publications on the original LLWI form (Finsel et al., 2023; Wilckens et al., 2021) and the short-form (LLWI-SF; Finsel et al., 2025).

The mean value of an LLWI dimension ranges from 1 to 7. The higher the value, the greater the average perception of the employees surveyed regarding the dimension of the organization's approach to age-diverse and aging workforces. However, this only applies to the sample studied. Since the characteristics of these samples are not exactly representative of the respective countries, direct comparisons between countries are not possible. We therefore ask you to interpret the values exclusively in the context of the respective sample information. More information on the sampling is described in the publications.

LLWI Originalform (Finsel et al., 2023; Wilckens et al., 2021)

Sample Information Germany

N = 349 workers (43 % female) with an average age of 56 years
40 % in management positions
36 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 28 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 36 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
45 % service sector, 24 % public sector, 17 % industry

Sample Information United States

N = 279 workers (62 % female) with an average age of 57 years
42 % in management positions
40 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 24 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 36 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
48 % service sector, 17 % industry, 17 % education, 12 % retail, 5 % public administration, 1 % agriculture

LLWI Short Form (LLWI-SF; Finsel et al., 2025)

Sample Information Belgium

N = 444 workers (36 % female) with an average age of 57 years
25 % in management positions
33 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 28 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 40 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
30 % service sector, 29 % industry, 12 % education, 5 % retail, 24 % public, 7 % other

Sample Information Germany

N = 387 workers (46 % female) with an average age of 57 years
34 % in management positions
42 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 28 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 30 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
40 % service sector, 34 % industry, 4 % education, 10 % retail, 12 % public, 5 % other

Sample Information Italy

N = 408 workers (56 % female) with an average age of 57 years
47 % in management positions
17 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 27 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 56 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
39 % service sector, 16 % industry, 18 % education, 5 % retail, 20 % public, 2 % other

Sample Information Japan

N = 349 workers (16 % female) with an average age of 57 years
34 % in management positions
44 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 31 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 25 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
39 % service sector, 40 % industry, 6 % education, 9 % retail, 6 % public, 3 % other

Sample Information Korea

N = 350 workers (24 % female) with an average age of 59 years
86 % in management positions
44 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 24 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 32 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
40 % service sector, 44 % industry, 8 % education, 8 % retail

Sample Information Norway

N = 140 workers (52 % female) with an average age of 59 years
24 % in management positions
46 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 9 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 44 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
42 % service sector, 24 % industry, 14 % education, 3 % retail, 11 % public, 6 % NA

Sample Information Poland

N = 353 workers (54 % female) with an average age of 55 years
38 % in management positions
71 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 17 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 12 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
32 % service sector, 34 % industry, 16 % education, 7 % retail, 10 % public

Sample Information Portugal

N = 306 workers (43 % female) with an average age of 55 years
39 % in management positions
40 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 34 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 26 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
27 % service sector, 27 % industry, 17 % education, 8 % retail, 22 % public

Sample Information The Netherlands

N = 317 workers (33 % female) with an average age of 52 years
42 % in management positions
42 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 29 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 29 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
36 % service sector, 30 % industry, 8 % education, 11 % retail, 14 % public, 1 % other

Sample Information United States

N = 370 workers (59 % female) with an average age of 58 years
44 % in management positions
42 % small businesses with 30 to 499 employees, 29 % medium-sized businesses with 500 to 4,999 employees, and 30 % large businesses with 5,000 or more employees
48 % service sector, 25 % industry, 11 % education, 10 % retail, 5 % public, 1 % other