A systematic approach to reusable packaging: Key factors for a successful reusable packaging system in Germany
2026-05-06 Why isn’t reusable packaging available everywhere for all products yet? To find out, the Wuppertal Institute, Leuphana University Lüneburg, the German Reusable Packaging Association (Mehrwegverband Deutschland e.V.) and Kühne Logistics University (KLU) have created a ‘systems map’ as part of the joint research project MEHRCE. This innovative tool works in a similar way to a mind map: it visualises the challenges and highlights the success factors and interactions within the German reusable packaging system. The map thus makes complex interrelationships visible and creates a common basis for promoting reusable packaging systems.
In many cafés, it is now possible to take away coffee or tea in a reusable cup. However, this option is rarely taken up. But what needs to happen for reusable options to really take hold? After all, it can be better for the environment and even cheaper for businesses.
This question has led to the creation of the so-called Systems Map: it shows why single-use packaging is so prevalent and who can do something to change this. Business and politics can use the map as a tool to identify starting points for change. It also highlights options for consumers to support environmentally sound reusable packaging. For example, clear labelling makes it easy to recognise that the packaging is reusable, making it easier for consumers to make the right choices.
Key levers for the wider adoption of reusable packaging in Germany
The researchers identified four ways in which reusable packaging could be more widely adopted in Germany:
- Reusable packaging requires a holistic approach – both socially and technically. To this end, the map provides an overview of the factors that hinder and those that support its adoption.
- Establishing standards for reusable packaging – for example, regarding size and material – as a standardised return process and data (such as location, hygiene status, and availability of empties) facilitate entry into existing reusable systems, such as a yoghurt jar that can be returned at any supermarket.
- The user-centred design of reusable packaging and processes: for example, the jar for spreads that is easy to scoop out and rinse. Clear labelling and communication creates transparency and makes it easier for producers and end consumers to use reusable products.
- Clear regulation: This includes, for example, binding targets set by policymakers and regulations to reduce packaging waste. Standardisation, for instance regarding packaging sizes, also helps ensure that binding waste prevention targets can be met.
The Systems Map is available for download via this link and as a digital presentation here. Further information on the MEHRCE community can be found on the website of the Mehrwegverband.
About the DATIpilot MEHRCE Innovation Community
MEHRCE is an innovation community led by the Wuppertal Institute and the Mehrwegverband, which supports and provides funding for community projects under the DATIpilot funding scheme of the Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR). It brings together over 200 stakeholders from the reusable sector – including reusable system operators, manufacturers, retailers, research institutions, local authorities and non-governmental organisations. Leuphana University Lüneburg and Kühne Logistics University (KLU) are further members of the management team.