CDC | MECS Events Winter 2019/20

Exhaustion of Copyright in Digital Objects

Intellectual property systems create the possibility of conflicting overlapping ownership in books, DVDs, or other media objects: an owner of the intellectual property itself and a different owner of the physical object in which the intellectual property is embodied.  This problem is generally solved by the legal doctrine of exhaustion, or termination of the intellectual property owner’s rights at the time of an authorized sale of the associated physical object.  However, the application of this solution has become unclear for digital property that has no physical embodiment.  In this lecture, I discuss how this problem has been approached on each side of the Atlantic, using the differing approaches as a vehicle to understand resolution of disputes in the information age.

Dan L. Burk is Chancellor’s Professor of Law at the University of California, Irvine, where he was a founding member of the law faculty.  An internationally prominent authority on issues related to high technology, he teaches and writes on patent law, copyright, and related topics.  Professor Burk holds a B.S. in Microbiology (1985) from Brigham Young University, an M.S. in Molecular Biology and Biochemistry (1987) from Northwestern University, a J.D. (1990) from Arizona State University, and a J.S.M. (1994) from Stanford University.  He is the author of numerous papers on the legal and societal impact of new technologies, drawing on interdisciplinary insights from social science, physical science, and the humanities.  During the Fall of 2019, he will be a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society in Berlin.

Dying experiments. A case study. 

Working experiments are the exception rather than the rule. Experimental setups seem to be broken pretty much all the time, and building, aligning, maintaining and repairing the apparatus form a much larger part of laboratory work then actual measurements.  Faults and failures of technical instruments increase over time, limiting the lifetime of experimental setups. The fragility of the apparatus exhibits the multitude of agencies contributing to an observation. These agencies act on cultural, social, material and political levels. 
Here I will present the case of a dying quantum physics experiment, the Kapitza-Dirac-Talbot-Lau interferometer for molecules of the Vienna QuantumNanoPhyiscs group. This outstanding interferometer currently holds the world record for the largest particles exhibiting quantum delocalization and superposition, demonstrated by producing a nano-structured fringe pattern of these molecules.
I will discuss the lifecycle of the experiment and how it was shaped by funding, career interests and inherent limitations of the apparatus. Its performance decreased significantly after about ten years of successful operation, and the interference fringes began to fade. This becomes clearly visible when taking a look at the number of publications the experiment yielded. The failure of the apparatus triggered intense social conflicts within the group, driven by questions of power and differences in culture as well as experimental practice, but also influenced by external political pressure. Over a period of two years parts were exchanged and the interferometer realigned, giving insight into the interdependence of the material practices and the status of the interference-pattern as artifact. Finally it was declared dead and bid farewell with funeral rites.

DRM und andere Verschlüsselungen

In der Kryptographie nutzt man oft ein einfaches Modell: Alice und Bob tauschen Daten aus, der Böse- wicht Mallory kann alles mitlesen - Alice und Bob müssen also verschlüsseln. Die Wirklichkeit ist na- türlich komplexer. Im Digital Rights Management werden die Daten nicht vor Mallory, sondern vor Alice bzw. Bob selbst "geschützt". Wenn der Staat mitlesen können soll, muss es eine Schnittstelle geben, die der Staat nutzen kann, Mallory aber nicht. In der Blockchain (z.B. BitCoin) gelten wie- derum andere Modelle. Und dann ist die Frage, wie gefährlich Mallory in der Realität wirklich ist.

Klaus Schmeh ist Experte für historische Verschlüs- selungstechnik. Seine Bücher "Nicht zu knacken" (über die zehn größten ungelösten Verschlüsselungs- rätsel) und "Codeknacker gegen Codemacher" (über die Geschichte der Verschlüsselungstechnik) sind Standardwerke. In seinem Blog "Klausis Krypto Ko- lumne" (www.schmeh.org) schreibt er über sein Lieb- lingsthema. Darüber hinaus hat er in den letzten 20 Jahren mehrere Hundert Vorträge in zahlreichen Län- dern gehalten - unter anderem in den USA bei Konfe- renzen der NSA. In seinem Hauptberuf ist Schmeh für einen Hersteller von Computer-Verschlüsselungstech- nik aktiv.

"Datenfilme. Zur digitalen Reanalyse eines analogen Strömungsfilms" 

Im Jahre 2009 gewann der Film PIV Analysis of Ludwig Prandtl’s Historic Flow Visualization Films den Best Movie Award auf dem Flow Visualization Kongress in Daegu, Korea. Es handelt sich um eine particle image velocimetry-Analyse (PIV) von Strömungsauf-nahmen, die in den 1920ern entstanden sind. 
PIV ist ein seit den 1980er Jahren entwickeltes computerbasiertes algorithmisches Verfahren zur Strömungsvisualisierung. Die Auswertung des analo-gen Materials liefert ein Palimpsest aus farblich visualisierten quantitativen Daten auf dem schwarz-weißen Grund des Ausgangsfilms. 
Anhand dieser Fallstudie fragen wir nach den Zusam-menhängen von computergestützter Auswertung, Daten-visualisierung und analoger wie digitaler Simulati-onen. 

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